Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in Kenya
Identifieur interne : 000962 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000961; suivant : 000963Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in Kenya
Auteurs : Sheila Ommeh [Kenya] ; Wei Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ali Zohaib [République populaire de Chine] ; Jing Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Huajun Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ben Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xing-Yi Ge [République populaire de Chine] ; Xing-Lou Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Moses Masika [Kenya] ; Vincent Obanda [Kenya] ; Yun Luo [République populaire de Chine] ; Shan Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Cecilia Waruhiu [République populaire de Chine] ; Bei Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Yan Zhu [République populaire de Chine] ; Desterio Ouma [Kenya] ; Vincent Odendo [Kenya] ; Lin-Fa Wang [Singapour] ; Danielle E. Anderson [Singapour] ; Jacqueline Lichoti [Kenya] ; Erick Mungube [Kenya] ; Francis Gakuya [Kenya] ; Peng Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa [Kenya] ; Bing Yan [République populaire de Chine] ; Bernard Agwanda [Kenya] ; Zheng-Li Shi [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Virologica Sinica [ 1674-0769 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ARN viral (génétique), ARN viral (isolement et purification), Animaux, Anticorps antiviraux (sang), Anticorps neutralisants (sang), Chameaux (virologie), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification), Facteurs de l'âge, Femelle, Génome viral, Humains, Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire), Infections à coronavirus (transmission), Kenya, Mâle, Nez (virologie), Phylogénie, Prévalence, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (médecine vétérinaire), Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (virologie), Zoonoses (transmission), Zoonoses (virologie), Études séroépidémiologiques, Études transversales.
- MESH :
- génétique : ARN viral, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- isolement et purification : ARN viral, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections à coronavirus, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes.
- sang : Anticorps antiviraux, Anticorps neutralisants.
- virologie : Chameaux, Nez, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes, Zoonoses.
- Animaux, Facteurs de l'âge, Femelle, Génome viral, Humains, Infections à coronavirus, Kenya, Mâle, Phylogénie, Prévalence, Zoonoses, Études séroépidémiologiques, Études transversales.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Kenya.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Age Factors, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood), Antibodies, Viral (blood), Camelus (virology), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Reservoirs (veterinary), Disease Reservoirs (virology), Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Kenya, Male, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Nose (virology), Phylogeny, Prevalence, RNA, Viral (genetics), RNA, Viral (isolation & purification), Seroepidemiologic Studies, Whole Genome Sequencing, Zoonoses (transmission), Zoonoses (virology).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral.
- chemical , genetics : RNA, Viral.
- chemical , isolation & purification : RNA, Viral.
- geographic : Kenya.
- genetics : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- isolation & purification : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections, Zoonoses.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections, Disease Reservoirs.
- virology : Camelus, Disease Reservoirs, Nose, Zoonoses.
- Age Factors, Animals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Male, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Whole Genome Sequencing.
Abstract
We describe the first genome isolation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Kenya. This fatal zoonotic pathogen was first described in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Epidemiological and molecular evidence revealed zoonotic transmission from camels to humans and between humans. Currently, MERS-CoV is classified by the WHO as having high pandemic potential requiring greater surveillance. Previous studies of MERS-CoV in Kenya mainly focused on site-specific and archived camel and human serum samples for antibodies. We conducted active nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of camels and humans in Kenya, targeting both nasal swabs and plasma samples from 1,163 camels and 486 humans collected from January 2016 to June 2018. A total of 792 camel plasma samples were positive by ELISA. Seroprevalence increased with age, and the highest prevalence was observed in adult camels (82.37%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 79.50–84.91). More female camels were significantly seropositive (74.28%, 95% CI 71.14–77.19) than male camels (
The online version of this article (10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4
PubMed: 30570714
PubMed Central: 6335226
Affiliations:
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populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.463427.0</institution-id><institution>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock,</institution><institution>Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation,</institution></institution-wrap>Nairobi, 34188-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Kenya Camel Association, Nairobi, 30095-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Camel Association, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agwanda, Bernard" sort="Agwanda, Bernard" uniqKey="Agwanda B" first="Bernard" last="Agwanda">Bernard Agwanda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id 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Sheila" uniqKey="Ommeh S" first="Sheila" last="Ommeh">Sheila Ommeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9146 7108</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411943.a</institution-id><institution>Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology,</institution></institution-wrap>Nairobi, 62000-00200 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Wei" sort="Zhang, Wei" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Wei" last="Zhang">Wei Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zohaib, Ali" sort="Zohaib, Ali" uniqKey="Zohaib A" first="Ali" last="Zohaib">Ali Zohaib</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jing" 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sortKey="Ge, Xing Yi" sort="Ge, Xing Yi" uniqKey="Ge X" first="Xing-Yi" last="Ge">Xing-Yi Ge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.67293.39</institution-id><institution>College of Biology,</institution><institution>Hunan University,</institution></institution-wrap>Changsha, 410006 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Changsha</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xing Lou" sort="Yang, Xing Lou" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xing-Lou" last="Yang">Xing-Lou Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masika, Moses" sort="Masika, Moses" uniqKey="Masika M" first="Moses" last="Masika">Moses Masika</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2019 0495</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10604.33</institution-id><institution>Department of Medical Microbiology,</institution><institution>University of Nairobi,</institution></institution-wrap>Nairobi, 30197-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obanda, Vincent" sort="Obanda, Vincent" uniqKey="Obanda V" first="Vincent" last="Obanda">Vincent Obanda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff 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de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shan" sort="Li, Shan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shan" last="Li">Shan Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waruhiu, Cecilia" sort="Waruhiu, Cecilia" uniqKey="Waruhiu C" first="Cecilia" last="Waruhiu">Cecilia Waruhiu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Bei" sort="Li, Bei" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bei" last="Li">Bei Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Yan" sort="Zhu, Yan" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yan" last="Zhu">Yan Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ouma, Desterio" sort="Ouma, Desterio" uniqKey="Ouma D" first="Desterio" last="Ouma">Desterio Ouma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9682 2316</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.419751.f</institution-id><institution>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization,</institution></institution-wrap>Nairobi, 57811-00200 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odendo, Vincent" sort="Odendo, Vincent" uniqKey="Odendo V" first="Vincent" last="Odendo">Vincent Odendo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9682 2316</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.419751.f</institution-id><institution>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization,</institution></institution-wrap>Nairobi, 57811-00200 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lin Fa" sort="Wang, Lin Fa" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lin-Fa" last="Wang">Lin-Fa Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0385 0924</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.428397.3</institution-id><institution>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Singapore, 169857 Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Danielle E" sort="Anderson, Danielle E" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Danielle E." last="Anderson">Danielle E. Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0385 0924</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.428397.3</institution-id><institution>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Singapore, 169857 Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichoti, Jacqueline" sort="Lichoti, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Lichoti J" first="Jacqueline" last="Lichoti">Jacqueline Lichoti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.463427.0</institution-id><institution>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock,</institution><institution>Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and 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id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1318 3051</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.452592.d</institution-id><institution>Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service,</institution></institution-wrap>Nairobi, 40241-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Peng" sort="Zhou, Peng" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Peng" last="Zhou">Peng Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.463427.0</institution-id><institution>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock,</institution><institution>Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation,</institution></institution-wrap>Nairobi, 34188-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Kenya Camel Association, Nairobi, 30095-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Camel Association, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety,</institution><institution>Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, 430071 China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agwanda, Bernard" sort="Agwanda, Bernard" uniqKey="Agwanda B" first="Bernard" last="Agwanda">Bernard Agwanda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id 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Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virologica Sinica</title><idno type="ISSN">1674-0769</idno><idno type="eISSN">1995-820X</idno><imprint><date when="2018">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Factors</term><term>Animals</term><term>Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood)</term><term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term><term>Camelus (virology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (veterinary)</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (virology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Genome, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Nose (virology)</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>RNA, Viral (genetics)</term><term>RNA, Viral (isolation & purification)</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Whole Genome Sequencing</term><term>Zoonoses (transmission)</term><term>Zoonoses (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral (génétique)</term><term>ARN viral (isolement et purification)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Anticorps antiviraux (sang)</term><term>Anticorps neutralisants (sang)</term><term>Chameaux (virologie)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification)</term><term>Facteurs de l'âge</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Génome viral</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (transmission)</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nez (virologie)</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (virologie)</term><term>Zoonoses (transmission)</term><term>Zoonoses (virologie)</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Neutralizing</term><term>Antibodies, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Kenya</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term><term>Anticorps neutralisants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chameaux</term><term>Nez</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term><term>Nose</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Factors</term><term>Animals</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Genome, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Whole Genome Sequencing</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Facteurs de l'âge</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Génome viral</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Zoonoses</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Kenya</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">We describe the first genome isolation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Kenya. This fatal zoonotic pathogen was first described in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Epidemiological and molecular evidence revealed zoonotic transmission from camels to humans and between humans. Currently, MERS-CoV is classified by the WHO as having high pandemic potential requiring greater surveillance. Previous studies of MERS-CoV in Kenya mainly focused on site-specific and archived camel and human serum samples for antibodies. We conducted active nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of camels and humans in Kenya, targeting both nasal swabs and plasma samples from 1,163 camels and 486 humans collected from January 2016 to June 2018. A total of 792 camel plasma samples were positive by ELISA. Seroprevalence increased with age, and the highest prevalence was observed in adult camels (82.37%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 79.50–84.91). More female camels were significantly seropositive (74.28%, 95% CI 71.14–77.19) than male camels (<italic>P</italic> < 0.001) (53.74%, 95% CI 48.48–58.90). Only 11 camel nasal swabs were positive for MERS-CoV by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences showed that Kenyan MERS-CoV clustered within sub-clade C2, which is associated with the African clade, but did not contain signature deletions of <italic>orf4b</italic> in African viruses. None of the human plasma screened contained neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV. This study confirms the geographically widespread occurrence of MERS-CoV in Kenyan camels. Further one-health surveillance approaches in camels, wildlife, and human populations are needed.</p><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azhar, Ei" uniqKey="Azhar E">EI Azhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Kafrawy, Sa" uniqKey="El Kafrawy S">SA El-Kafrawy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farraj, Sa" uniqKey="Farraj S">SA Farraj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Am" uniqKey="Hassan A">AM Hassan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Saeed, Ms" uniqKey="Al Saeed M">MS Al-Saeed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hashem, Am" uniqKey="Hashem A">AM Hashem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madani, Ta" uniqKey="Madani T">TA 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sortKey="Tahir, U" uniqKey="Tahir U">U Tahir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tayyab, Mh" uniqKey="Tayyab M">MH Tayyab</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qureshi, Ma" uniqKey="Qureshi M">MA Qureshi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mansoor, Mk" uniqKey="Mansoor M">MK Mansoor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naeem, Ma" uniqKey="Naeem M">MA Naeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, B J" uniqKey="Hu B">B-J Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Ba" uniqKey="Khan B">BA Khan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ujjan, Id" uniqKey="Ujjan I">ID Ujjan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, B" uniqKey="Li B">B Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, W" uniqKey="Zhang W">W Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Y" uniqKey="Luo Y">Y Luo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Y" uniqKey="Zhu Y">Y Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waruhiu, C" uniqKey="Waruhiu C">C Waruhiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, I" uniqKey="Khan I">I Khan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, X L" uniqKey="Yang X">X-L Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sajid, Ms" uniqKey="Sajid M">MS Sajid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, B" uniqKey="Yan B">B Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Z L" uniqKey="Shi Z">Z-L Shi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Kenya</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Singapour</li></country></list><tree><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ommeh, Sheila" sort="Ommeh, Sheila" uniqKey="Ommeh S" first="Sheila" last="Ommeh">Sheila Ommeh</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Agwanda, Bernard" sort="Agwanda, Bernard" uniqKey="Agwanda B" first="Bernard" last="Agwanda">Bernard Agwanda</name><name sortKey="Gakuya, Francis" sort="Gakuya, Francis" uniqKey="Gakuya F" first="Francis" last="Gakuya">Francis Gakuya</name><name sortKey="Lichoti, Jacqueline" sort="Lichoti, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Lichoti J" first="Jacqueline" last="Lichoti">Jacqueline Lichoti</name><name sortKey="Masika, Moses" sort="Masika, Moses" uniqKey="Masika M" first="Moses" last="Masika">Moses Masika</name><name sortKey="Mungube, Erick" sort="Mungube, Erick" uniqKey="Mungube E" first="Erick" last="Mungube">Erick Mungube</name><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><name sortKey="Obanda, Vincent" sort="Obanda, Vincent" uniqKey="Obanda V" first="Vincent" last="Obanda">Vincent Obanda</name><name sortKey="Odendo, Vincent" sort="Odendo, Vincent" uniqKey="Odendo V" first="Vincent" last="Odendo">Vincent Odendo</name><name sortKey="Ouma, Desterio" sort="Ouma, Desterio" uniqKey="Ouma D" first="Desterio" last="Ouma">Desterio Ouma</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zhang, Wei" sort="Zhang, Wei" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Wei" last="Zhang">Wei Zhang</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Jing" sort="Chen, Jing" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jing" last="Chen">Jing Chen</name><name sortKey="Ge, Xing Yi" sort="Ge, Xing Yi" uniqKey="Ge X" first="Xing-Yi" last="Ge">Xing-Yi Ge</name><name sortKey="Hu, Ben" sort="Hu, Ben" uniqKey="Hu B" first="Ben" last="Hu">Ben Hu</name><name sortKey="Li, Bei" sort="Li, Bei" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bei" last="Li">Bei Li</name><name sortKey="Li, Shan" sort="Li, Shan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shan" last="Li">Shan Li</name><name sortKey="Luo, Yun" sort="Luo, Yun" uniqKey="Luo Y" first="Yun" last="Luo">Yun Luo</name><name sortKey="Shi, Zheng Li" sort="Shi, Zheng Li" uniqKey="Shi Z" first="Zheng-Li" last="Shi">Zheng-Li Shi</name><name sortKey="Waruhiu, Cecilia" sort="Waruhiu, Cecilia" uniqKey="Waruhiu C" first="Cecilia" last="Waruhiu">Cecilia Waruhiu</name><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><name sortKey="Yang, Xing Lou" sort="Yang, Xing Lou" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xing-Lou" last="Yang">Xing-Lou Yang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Huajun" sort="Zhang, Huajun" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Huajun" last="Zhang">Huajun Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhou, Peng" sort="Zhou, Peng" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Peng" last="Zhou">Peng Zhou</name><name sortKey="Zhu, Yan" sort="Zhu, Yan" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yan" last="Zhu">Yan Zhu</name><name sortKey="Zohaib, Ali" sort="Zohaib, Ali" uniqKey="Zohaib A" first="Ali" last="Zohaib">Ali Zohaib</name></country><country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Lin Fa" sort="Wang, Lin Fa" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lin-Fa" last="Wang">Lin-Fa Wang</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Anderson, Danielle E" sort="Anderson, Danielle E" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Danielle E." last="Anderson">Danielle E. 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